Our cities are becoming more connected by the day. Around the world, cities are using the Internet of Things (IoT), fifth generation mobile networks and artificial intelligence technologies to cut traffic congestion, improve public safety and protect the environment.

IoT devices monitor sewers, air quality and rubbish. Smart street lamps save energy by tracking pedestrian volumes, while sensors on roads and bridges monitor vibration and humidity for damage. In 2019, the IoT network had 14.2bn devices, according to Gartner, a research company. By 2025 the network will grow to 41.6bn, forecasts IDC, another research company.

Although the idea of a connected “smart city” is at least a decade old, progress towards realisation has only accelerated over the past few years.