Queen Elizabeth had never before included a dance routine in her annual Christmas message, nor had North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un previously warned Americans that “democracy is fragile”, but that is what they appeared to do in videos that went viral last year.
Both those videos — and thousands like them — were “deepfakes” that manipulate the speech and actions of politicians and celebrities, using static artificial intelligence-generated faces.
Although many deepfakes are produced for their comedic or shock value with no intention of misleading viewers, such videos have become a tool for spreading misinformation.
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