In the 2007-08 crisis, many different kinds of financial institution failed or were saved only by state intervention. Large financial conglomerates – Citigroup and Royal Bank of Scotland. Investment banks – Bear Stearns and Lehman. Smaller retail banks without investment banking arms (but with active treasuries) – Northern Rock and Sachsen Landesbank. Diversified banks, such as Fortis, and specialist lenders, such as Hypo RE. Public agencies, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. America's largest insurer, AIG. Taxpayers will be footing the bills for a generation.
在2007-08年的危機中，許多各不相同的金融機構要么倒閉，要么只是靠政府干預才得以保全。它們包括：大型綜合性金融集團，如花旗集團(Citigroup)和蘇格蘭皇家銀行(RBS)；投資銀行，如貝爾斯登(Bear Stearns)和雷曼兄弟(Lehman)；沒有投行部門但積極參與國債業務的小型零售銀行，如北巖銀行(Northern Rock)和Sachsen Landesbank；多樣化經營的銀行，如富通集團(Fortis)；專業放貸機構，如Hypo RE；公共機構，如房利美(Fannie Mae)和房地美(Freddie Mac)；以及美國最大的保險公司美國國際集團(AIG)。支付相關紓困費用，需要納稅人整整一代人的時間。