As Europe's banking crisis deepens and the US economy stalls, most discussions of how to stabilise national finances assume only two options: “internal devaluation” (shrinking the economy by cutting public spending) and currency devaluation. Both aim to make countries more competitive: the first using unemployment to lower wages and imports, the second lowering export prices.
在歐洲銀行業危機不斷深化、美國經濟陷入停滯之際,大多數圍繞如何穩定國家財政的討論,都只提出了兩種選擇:一是“內部減值”(即通過削減公共支出來縮小經濟規模);二是貨幣貶值。這兩種方法的目的都在于提高本國的競爭力:前者以犧牲就業來降低工資水平并減少進口;后者則降低了出口價格。
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